Cables are a device for transmitting electrical energy or signals, typically consisting of several or multiple sets of conductors, with the characteristic of being internally conductive and externally insulated. Cables are used to transmit electrical (magnetic) energy and information, enabling the conversion of electromagnetic energy. They are widely applied in urban underground power grids, power station transmission lines, internal power supply in industrial and mining enterprises, and underwater transmission lines across rivers. There are numerous types of cables, including power cables, control cables, compensating cables, shielded cables, and high-temperature cables, all composed of single or multiple conductors and insulating layers, used for connecting circuits and electrical appliances.