Low-temperature storage tanks are vertical or horizontal double-layer vacuum insulated vessels used for storing mediums such as liquid oxygen, nitrogen, argon, and carbon dioxide. The inner shell is made of austenitic stainless steel; the outer shell material varies by user location, chosen according to national regulations as Q235-B, Q245R, or 345R. The inner and outer shell cavities are filled with insulating materials like pumice or aluminum foil, and insulating cotton, followed by evacuation of air.

Liquid natural gas must be stored in low-temperature storage tanks, which are typically composed of an inner tank and an outer tank, filled with insulating material in between.

The inner can, also known as a "film can," is a liquid-tight and flexible container made from thin low-temperature steel plate. It must transfer the hydraulic head to the insulating layer. The material used for the film must be nonbrittle at low temperatures and possess sufficient toughness and good workability. Typically, materials like nickel steel, stainless steel, or aluminum alloy are used.

The insulation layer, while transferring hydraulic pressure to the outer cylinder, also serves to reduce the amount of vaporization, narrow the temperature difference between the inner and outer walls of the cylinder, and alleviate the stress caused by this temperature difference. Additionally, it functions to secure the "film."

The outer shell, also known as the container, is designed to bear various loads and must possess sufficient strength. Depending on the material used, it can be categorized into the following types: frozen soil walls, steel walls, reinforced concrete walls, and prestressed concrete walls.