The insulators are made by bonding porcelain components with upper and lower metal fittings using adhesive. The porcelain component end faces are in contact with the metal fittings via elastic pads. The bonding areas of the porcelain components feature structures such as sandblasting, knurling, and grooving for mechanical strength, anti-loosening, and anti-twisting properties. The porcelain surfaces are uniformly glazed white, and the metal fittings are coated with gray magnetic paint. The main structure of the porcelain insulator components includes hollow partition (penetrable) and solid (non-penetrable) structures. The combined bonded pillar insulators are generally of the solid non-penetrable type, which reduces maintenance and testing work compared to the hollow partition type. The porcelain insulator components come in two shapes: multi-angled and less-angled. The multi-angled shape increases the surface distance and has better electrical performance than the less-angled shape, except for the external bonding pillar insulators that are being phased out, all other products are multi-angled. The internal bonding structure, where the metal fittings are glued into the porcelain holes, increases the insulation distance and improves electrical performance, while also reducing the space occupied during installation. However, due to the negative impact of internal bonding on mechanical strength, insulators requiring high mechanical strength should use combined bonding (i.e., the upper fittings are internally bonded, and the lower fittings are externally bonded).