The insulators are composed of ceramic components and upper and lower metal attachments bonded together with adhesive. The contact areas between the ceramic components and metal attachments are padded with elastic washers. The bonding areas of the ceramic components feature structures such as sandblasting, knurling, and grooving for mechanical strength, anti-loosening, and anti-twisting properties. The ceramic surfaces are uniformly glazed white, and the metal attachments are coated with gray magnetic paint. The main structure of the ceramic insulator components consists of two types: a hollow partition (piercing-through type) and a solid (non-piercing type). The combined bonded支柱 insulators are generally of the solid non-piercing type, which reduces maintenance and testing work compared to the previous type. The ceramic insulator components have two shapes: multi-angled and less-angled. The multi-angled shape increases the surface distance, offering better electrical performance than the less-angled shape. All products except for the gradually phased-out external bonded支柱 insulators are multi-angled. The internal bonding structure, where the metal attachments are glued into the ceramic holes, increases the insulation distance and improves electrical performance, while also reducing the space required for installation. However, due to the negative impact of internal bonding on mechanical strength, insulators with higher mechanical strength requirements should use combined bonding (i.e., the upper attachments are internally bonded, and the lower attachments are externally bonded).