Insulators are composed of ceramic components and top and bottom metal accessories bonded together with adhesive. The ceramic end faces are in contact with the metal accessories through elastic pads, and the bonding sections of the ceramic components feature structures such as sandblasting, knurling, and grooving to enhance mechanical strength, prevent loosening, and twisting. The ceramic surfaces are glazed uniformly with white porcelain, while the metal accessories are coated with gray magnetic paint. The main structure of the ceramic insulator components comes in two types: a hollow partition (piercing-through) structure and a solid (non-piercing) structure. The joint bonded pillar insulators are typically solid and non-piercing. This latter structure reduces maintenance and testing work compared to the former. The ceramic insulator components have either polygonal or non-polygonal shapes, with polygonal shapes increasing surface distance and having better electrical performance; all products except for the externally bonded pillar insulators that are being phased out are polygonal. The internal bonding structure, where the metal accessories are glued into the ceramic holes, increases the insulation distance and improves electrical performance, while also reducing the space required for installation. However, since internal bonding is not conducive to enhancing mechanical strength, insulators with higher mechanical strength requirements should use joint bonding (i.e., the upper accessories are internally bonded, and the lower accessories are externally bonded).