Broadly, air detection refers to the analysis of the components that make up air. Narrowly, air detection, from an application perspective, primarily focuses on indoor air quality detection.

It refers to harmful substances contained in indoor decoration materials, furniture, etc., which are released into home and office environments, causing decoration pollution, and is used to test air quality.

The "Code for Indoor Environmental Pollution Control of Civil Construction Projects" implemented in 2006 by the state lists five main pollutants: formaldehyde, benzene, ammonia, total volatile organic compounds (TVOC), and radioactive radon.