Electric porcelain bottles, typically composed of insulating components (such as porcelain) and metallic accessories (such as steel feet, iron caps, flanges, etc.), are assembled using adhesive bonding or mechanical clamping. Insulators are widely used in power systems, generally serving as external insulation and operating under atmospheric conditions. Overhead transmission lines, generator plants, transformer stations, and external conductors of various electrical equipment all require insulators for support, ensuring insulation from the ground (or grounding materials) or other conductors with differing potentials.