Power porcelain bottles, typically composed of insulating components (such as porcelain pieces) and metallic accessories (such as steel feet, iron caps, flanges, etc.), are assembled using adhesive bonding or mechanical clamping. Insulators are widely used in power systems, generally serving as external insulation and operating under atmospheric conditions. Overhead transmission lines, generator stations, and transformer stations' busbars, as well as the external conductors of various electrical equipment, must be supported by insulators and insulated from the ground (or grounding materials) or other conductors with differing potentials.