Stone笼mesh, galvanized stone笼mesh, hot-dipped galvanized stone笼mesh. A descriptive explanation of the stone笼 is a wire mesh cage used to contain stones, a wire or polymer mesh structure designed to secure filled stones in place. It is a structural method for riverbank protection and ecological management in today's river and civil engineering projects. The stone笼 is a structure woven or welded from wire mesh. Both structures can be electro-galvanized, hot-dipped galvanized, or hot-dipped galvanized aluminum, with the woven wire baskets available for additional PVC coating. Using weather-resistant and hard stones as fill material, it will not break down quickly due to abrasion in the stone baskets or stone笼. Stone笼 filled with different types of block stones has varying characteristics. Angular block stones can interlock well with each other, and stone笼 filled with them is less prone to deformation.
Reinforcement Mesh Structure Requirements: The stone笼mesh is mechanically woven from high corrosion-resistant, high-tensile, and ductile low-carbon steel wire (galvanized iron wire) or wire coated with PVC. The box-like structure made from this mesh is known as a stone笼box. According to ASTM and EN standards, the diameter of the low-carbon steel wire used varies according to engineering design requirements, generally ranging from 2.0 to 4.0 mm. The tensile strength of the stone笼mesh wire should be no less than 38 kg/m², and the weight of the metallic coating is usually above 245 g/m². The diameter of the edge line of the stone笼mesh panel should generally be larger than the wire diameter. The length of the double twisted section must not be less than 50 mm to ensure that the metallic coating and PVC coating on the twisted wire are not damaged.
Advantages of gabion mesh structure:
1. The flexible structure can adapt to slope movements without being damaged, offering superior safety and stability compared to rigid structures.
2. Strong erosion resistance, capable of withstanding water flow speeds up to 6m/s.
3. The structure is inherently permeable, offering strong tolerance to the natural action and filtration of groundwater. Suspended particles and silt in the water settle in the gaps between the filled stones, thereby promoting the growth of natural vegetation and gradually restoring the original ecological environment.
Rubble Mesh Applications:
Gabion mesh is used for slope support, foundation pit support, rock face meshing and shotcrete for mountains, slope vegetation (greening), and isolation and protection barriers for railways and highways. It can also be made into boxes and mats, used for erosion protection of rivers, dams, and sea dikes, as well as for water conservancy projects with net boxes for reservoir and river diversion. Known for its ecological protection features, it is metaphorically called "ecological mesh" and is a structural method used in China for water conservancy project protection and ecological environment restoration.
1. River and flood control and guidance
Severe river disasters occur when river currents erode the riverbanks, causing flooding that leads to significant losses of life and property, as well as extensive soil and water erosion. Therefore, in addressing these issues, the use of the ecological geoweb structure has emerged as one solution, providing long-lasting protection for riverbeds and riverbanks.
2. In terms of channel canal bed construction:
Constructing channels involves stabilizing slopes and riverbeds. Therefore, selecting an ecological mesh structure has been the primary method used in many natural river transformations and artificial channel excavations over the past century. It effectively protects riverbanks or riverbeds, controls water flow, prevents water loss, and, particularly in environmental protection and water quality maintenance, has the function of restoring the ecological environment.
3. Regarding revetment and slope protection:
The gabion mesh structure is a highly successful example in riverbank protection and slope foot defense, fully utilizing the advantages of the ecological mesh to achieve ideal effects unattainable by other methods.
Galvanized Stone笼Mesh Material Classification:
Galvanized Steel Wire: Low carbon steel wire with diameter ranging from 2.0MM to 4.0MM, tensile strength not less than 380Mpa. The wire surface is protected with hot galvanizing, and the thickness of the galvanized layer is customized according to customer requirements, with a galvanizing amount up to 300g/m2 (electro-galvanized zinc coating is only about 10g).
2. Zinc-5% Aluminum-Mixed Rare Earth Alloy Wire (also known as Galfan): This is a newly emerging material in the international market, offering corrosion resistance up to three times that of traditional pure zinc-plated wire. The wire diameter ranges from 1.0MM to 3.0MM, with a tensile strength of no less than 1380Mpa.
3. Galvanized Steel Wire Coated with PVC: Low-carbon steel wire, coated with a layer of PVC protective layer on the surface, then woven into various specifications of hexagonal wire mesh.
Zinc-5% Aluminum-Mixed Rare Earth Alloy Steel Wire Coated with PVC: The zinc-5% aluminum-mixed rare earth alloy steel wire is coated with a layer of PVC for protection, then woven into various specifications of hexagonal mesh.
Riprap mesh demonstrates protective advantages in hydraulic engineering by:
Ideal ecological construction and ecological restoration functions
The voids within the stone笼 and matting create conditions for water flow, facilitating natural exchange between water and soil, providing a habitat for aquatic life and microorganisms, thereby enhancing the water's self-purifying ability and protecting and improving water sources and quality. The voids in the filling material, either artificially layered with soil or naturally deposited, create conditions for landscaping and vegetation. Even without sowing seeds, plants will naturally grow, optimizing, beautifying the environment, and improving and restoring the ecological environment.
2. Excellent permeability
Retaining walls and slope protection constructed with woven box structures, filled with loose materials, have numerous pores that facilitate the drainage of soil water behind the masonry and within the slope soil layers. Once surface water infiltrates the soil, it can be quickly排出 through the masonry, effectively lowering the groundwater level and reducing the groundwater pressure behind the wall and beneath the slope. The woven box structure, in slope stabilization and debris flow prevention projects, ensures timely drainage to minimize wall damage probabilities and, with its excellent deformation capability, effectively mitigates the impact of sudden external forces.
3. Stable and comprehensive permeability function.
The gabion mesh is a mechanically woven double twisted grid structure, and local damage will not cause overall destruction of the box and cage. The gabion material has a moderate deformation characteristic, integrating the entire project into a single unit without requiring seams. Even if uneven settlement occurs, the overall structure will not crack or present serious issues.
4. Simpler construction methods.
The gabion mesh process can be mass-produced into semi-finished products according to design intent, while on-site construction involves assembly and shaping according to the design drawings, then laying it on prepared slopes or excavated foundation pits to form retaining slopes or constructed retaining walls. Fill with material, add a cover mesh, and it's complete. The operation is simple, minimally affected by weather conditions, and suitable for mechanized operations, ensuring both construction quality and speeding up project progress. During a construction process, affected by weather, the contractor transferred workers from building stone retaining walls to assembling gabion mesh slopes.
5. Landscape Effect
The easy assembly of the stone笼 mesh structure and the wide variety of colors offer us a diverse range of structural design options, catering to the landscape requirements of different regions. Combined with grass lawns and flower trees, what we present is a green retaining wall or slope.
6. Excellent corrosion and durability resistance.
The steel wire used in stone笼mesh is coated with a hot-dipped aluminum-zinc alloy, providing a more stable surface finish that effectively reduces oxidation of the wire. After being processed with a resin coating, it exhibits corrosion resistance, static dissipation, aging resistance, and oxidation resistance, resulting in a longer service life. Tests have shown that when plastic is soaked in a 30% concentration of hydrochloric acid for 10 days, there is no discoloration or cracking. This indicates that the material is reliable even in highly polluted areas. The steel wire coated with resin can have a service life of up to 70 years.
7. Excellent resistance to erosion and wind wave impact.
The gabion mesh structure is highly effective for slope protection or retaining wall projects in rivers with high flow velocities, boasting strong erosion resistance. According to relevant experiments, the erosion resistance coefficient of the gabion mesh structure is twice that of a typical rock throwing protection project. Even if the boulders within the gabion mat are displaced due to water erosion, the deformed box structure achieves a new equilibrium, ensuring overall integrity is not compromised. The gabion mesh structure is flexible, with gaps between the stones or other materials inside the boxes. When waves crash against the peak, the spray is crushed, reducing the impact force of wave pressure; as the wave peak recedes, the gaps in the box disrupt the vacuum suction force of the waves, further reducing the damage to the protection project. Additionally, the overall structure can self-adjust slightly under the force of waves, effectively preventing cracks from forming in the wall.
Common Structure Forms of Gabion Mesh:
One. Gabion Mesh Box - It is a wire mesh box constructed from heavy-duty hexagonal mesh, typically assembled from four folded heavy-duty hexagonal mesh panels. One large hexagonal mesh panel is folded to form four large rectangular faces, with two small hexagonal mesh panels at each end and a dividing mesh panel in the middle. The gabion mesh boxes can also be made into triangular or trapezoidal shapes, with the embankments formed by these boxes having their inclined surfaces on a single plane.
Riprap baskets, often used in hydraulic engineering for retaining walls, are constructed from stacked baskets made of riprap mesh with dimensions ranging from 0.5 to 1.0 meters. These riprap mesh retaining walls are primarily used on steep slopes to control mud and rock flows, prevent landslides, and protect the foundations of roads and railways. The reason for using riprap baskets is their unique ecological function. Simply sprinkle some soil on the surface of the protective structure, and it can be greened. Due to the gaps between the stones, which accommodate soil, it promotes the growth of plant roots, creating a favorable ecological environment. Even without soil, over time, the gaps between the stones will fill with silt, allowing for the growth of herbaceous plants, forming a natural ecological habitat. After the production of riprap baskets, they can be捆扎compressed for packaging to save space.
Section 2: Gabion matting is a heavy-duty hexagonal wire mesh cut and folded into metal box structures. The thickness of the gabion matting ranges from 0.15 to 0.5 meters, significantly less than the length and width of the gabion box. The gabion matting is divided into several cells by single or double separators. To enhance the structural strength of the gabion matting, the wire diameters at the edges of the mesh plates are thicker. Primarily used in riverbanks, shore slopes, roadbed slopes, and coastal slope structures. It not only prevents riverbanks from being eroded by water currents and waves but also achieves natural convection between the water body and the soil below the slope, achieving ecological balance. By spreading soil with gabion matting, green vegetation can be planted, adding to the landscape greening effect on the slope.
Three. Stone笼 Retaining Wall is a retaining structure composed of stacked layers of Stone笼. The components of the Stone笼 Retaining Wall are filled with stones of appropriate size and proportion within the mesh boxes, creating a certain porosity. Due to the gaps between the stones, soil and water behind the masonry and below the slope can be drained, thus lowering the water level and reducing the groundwater pressure behind the wall and beneath the slope. Prompt drainage reduces the likelihood of the retaining wall being destroyed, significantly extending its lifespan. Additionally, the wall mesh boxes are made of wire mesh, allowing for some deformation. Moreover, the stones can slide against each other, enhancing the retaining wall's ability to withstand sudden external forces.
Four. Roadstone cages, available in two types: one for road protection, such as constructing a stone cage embankment alongside the road to withstand floods and safeguard the road; and another for reinforcing the subgrade, using stone cage boxes. The second type involves placing heavy-duty hexagonal wire mesh as reinforcement during road construction or when pouring concrete for the road surface, preventing cracks in the pavement.
Five. Stone笼Rolls, woven into rolls of 30 to 50 meters, are directly laid on slopes for slope protection, preventing soil erosion and rock falls. They can also be used for slope support, foundation pit support, rock face meshing for spraying, slope vegetation (greening), isolation and protection barriers for railways and highways, and erosion protection for rivers, dams, and sea dikes.
Operation of Stone笼Mesh:
1. Stone笼mesh sinking operation involves first sinking the stone笼mesh woven from wire. It can also be electroplated and coated with PVC (polyvinyl chloride). PVC coated stone笼mesh sinking can also be used for shore protection and toe protection.
2. Stone Boxes (Box-shaped Stone Lattices). Meshed stone boxes are more flexible than welded ones, so their performance in adapting to settlement and loads differs. Although the careful filling of stone materials is necessary to ensure the stones are packed tightly, rigid stone boxes are sometimes considered easier to fill. For non-standard shapes, such as turns or areas where significant settlement may occur, these structures are preferred when woven wire or polymer lattice structures can deform without losing strength.
3. The internal filling of stone笼 nets is composed of weather-resistant, hard stones that won't quickly break due to abrasion in stone box or stone笼 arrangements. Stone笼 nets filled with different types of boulders exhibit varying characteristics. Angular boulders interlock well, making the filled stone笼 less prone to deformation. Thus, they are more effective in anti-shear retaining walls than round stones and also facilitate stone笼 connections. The general size of the filling is 1.5 times the average mesh size. Individual boulders are not smaller than the standard mesh size (commonly used woven stone笼 sizes are 60mm x 80mm to 100mm x 120mm), and generally not larger than 200mm in standard size. For boulders filled away from the stone笼's exterior and within its interior, the size requirements for smaller boulders may sometimes be relaxed.
4. Internal Filling. Mechanical filling is generally faster and cheaper, but it does not offer the same level of control as manual filling. For decorated retaining walls, it is essential to achieve a good appearance and form a dense structure. When using either method, the filling material must completely fill the cage. It is crucial to pack the filling material well to minimize voids, ensuring good contact between individual stones, packing them as tightly as possible, and reducing the likelihood of stone movement within the cage. Both polygonal and round stones can be packed tightly when the filling material is within the normal size range, with additional soil also recommended.
Rococo Mesh