Elbow, made by stamping a flat piece of material identical to the pipe into a half-circular shape, and then welding the two half-circular elbows together to form a complete bend. Due to varying welding standards for different types of pipes, the semi-finished products are typically fixed with spot welds for shipping, and welding is then performed on-site according to the pipe weld grade, hence also known as a two-piece welded elbow.