In piping systems, elbows are fittings that alter the direction of the pipeline. Categorized by angle, there are three commonly used types: 45°, 90°, and 180° elbows. Additionally, based on engineering requirements, other non-standard angle elbows, such as 60°, are also included. Elbow materials include cast iron, stainless steel, alloy steel, malleable cast iron, carbon steel, non-ferrous metals, and plastics.

Connection methods to pipes include: direct welding (commonly used), flange connection, hot melt connection, electric melt connection, threaded connection, and socket connection, etc. Categorized by production process: welded elbows, stamped elbows, expansion elbows, cast elbows, and socket weld elbows, etc. Other names: 90-degree elbows, right-angle elbows, etc.