In piping systems, elbows are pipe fittings used to change the direction of the pipeline. They come in three commonly used angles: 45°, 90°, and 180°. Additionally, elbows with other non-standard angles, such as 60°, are included according to engineering requirements. Materials for elbows include cast iron, stainless steel, alloy steel, malleable cast iron, carbon steel, non-ferrous metals, and plastics.
Connection methods to pipes include: direct welding (common method), flange connection, hot melt connection, electric melt connection, threaded connection, and socket welding connection, etc. Categorized by production process: welded elbow, stamping elbow, push fitting elbow, casting elbow, and socket welding elbow, etc. Other names: 90-degree elbow, right-angle bend, etc.