In piping systems, elbows are pipe fittings used to change the direction of the pipeline. Commonly available in 45°, 90°, and 180° angles, additional non-standard angles such as 60° are also available based on engineering requirements. Elbow materials include cast iron, stainless steel, alloy steel, malleable cast iron, carbon steel, non-ferrous metals, and plastics.

Connection methods to pipes include: direct welding (common method), flange connection, hot melt connection, electric melt connection, threaded connection, and socket connection, etc. Categorized by production process: welded elbows, stamped elbows, expansion elbows, cast elbows, and socket weld elbows, etc. Other names: 90-degree elbows, right-angle elbows, etc.