Flange, also known as a flange disk or boss, is a component used for connecting shafts or for joining pipe ends. It is also used at equipment inlets and outlets, such as reducer flanges, for connecting two pieces of equipment. A flange connection or flange joint refers to a removable connection formed by the combination of flange, gasket, and bolt as a sealing assembly. Pipe flanges are the flanges used for piping in pipeline systems, or the inlet and outlet flanges on equipment. Flanges have holes and bolts that secure them tightly together, with a gasket used for sealing between flanges. Flanges are available in threaded (screwed) connections, welded flanges, and clamp flanges. Flanges are always used in pairs; low-pressure pipelines can use threaded flanges, while those over four kilograms of pressure use welded flanges. Two flange disks are joined with a sealing gasket and then secured with bolts. Flanges of different pressures have different thicknesses and require different bolts. When pumps and valves are connected to pipelines, the local parts of these equipment items are also made into corresponding flange shapes, also known as flange connections. Any connection piece that uses bolts to connect two flat surfaces around the perimeter and is sealed is generally called a "flange," such as the connection of ventilation pipes. Such components can be referred to as "flange-type parts." However, this type of connection is only a part of a single device, like the connection between a flange and a pump, so it's not appropriate to call the pump a "flange-type part." Smaller items like valves can be called "flange-type parts."