A cap is an element used to seal the ends of containers to isolate the internal and external media, also known as an end cover. The caps for cylindrical containers are typically rotodynamic shells. Caps can be classified by the shape of their surfaces into convex, conical, flat, and composite shapes. A convex cap refers to a cap with a convex outer surface, such as hemispherical, elliptical, dish-shaped, and seamless spherical caps. Some gas cylinders use a composite bottom cap with the convex surface facing inward, which ensures both strength and meets safety requirements for use.