The ovality of the eccentric pipe should not exceed 1% of the corresponding end outer diameter, and the allowable deviation is ±3mm. The material of the eccentric pipe complies with SY/T5037, GB/T9711, GB/T8163, ASTM A106/A53 GRB, API 5L, APT5CT, ASTM A105, ASTM A234, ASTM A106, DIN German standards, and customer-specified standards.

Elbow pipes (reducers) are pipe fittings used for transitions between pipe diameters. Common forming processes include reduction pressing, expansion pressing, or a combination of both. For certain sizes, elbow pipes can also be formed by stamping.