The main function of insulators is to achieve electrical insulation and mechanical fixation, for which various electrical and mechanical performance requirements are specified. This includes not experiencing breakdown or surface flashover under specified operating voltages, lightning overvoltages, and internal overvoltages; not causing damage or destruction under specified long-term and short-term mechanical loads; not showing significant degradation after long-term operation under specified mechanical, electrical loads, and various environmental conditions; and the hardware of the insulator not producing a noticeable corona discharge under operating voltage to avoid interference with radio or television reception. Since insulators are widely used, the connecting hardware is also required to be interchangeable. Additionally, the technical standards for insulators vary by model and usage conditions, necessitating various electrical, mechanical, physical, and environmental condition tests to verify their performance and quality.