Suspended insulators, typically composed of insulating components (such as porcelain, glass) and metallic fittings (like steel feet, iron caps, flanges, etc.), are assembled using adhesive bonding or mechanical clamping. Insulators are widely used in power systems, generally serving as external insulation, operating under atmospheric conditions. They are necessary to support the live conductors externally on overhead transmission lines, generator and transformer substation busbars, and various electrical equipment, ensuring insulation from the ground (or grounding materials) or other conductors with differing potential differences.