Insulators, typically composed of insulating materials (such as porcelain or glass) and metal fittings (like steel legs, iron caps, flanges, etc.), are either bonded with adhesive or mechanically clamped together. Insulators are widely used in electrical systems, generally serving as external insulation and operating under atmospheric conditions. They are essential for supporting overhead transmission lines, busbars in power plants and substation, and external conductors of various electrical equipment, ensuring they remain insulated from the ground (or grounding elements) or other conductors with differing electrical potentials.