Insulators, typically composed of insulating components (such as porcelain or glass) and metallic fittings (like steel legs, iron caps, flanges, etc.), are assembled using adhesive bonding or mechanical clamping. Insulators are widely used in electrical systems, generally serving as external insulation, operating under atmospheric conditions. They are necessary to support the external live conductors of overhead transmission lines, power plants, substation busbars, and various electrical equipment, ensuring they remain insulated from the ground (or grounding elements) or other conductors with differing electrical potentials.