Insulators, typically composed of insulating components (such as porcelain or glass pieces) and metal fittings (like steel legs, iron caps, flanges, etc.), are assembled using adhesive bonding or mechanical clamping. Insulators are widely used in electrical systems, generally serving as external insulation and operating under atmospheric conditions. They are essential for supporting overhead transmission lines, busbars in power plants and substation transformers, as well as external conductors of various electrical equipment, ensuring they remain insulated from the ground (or grounding materials) and other conductors with differing potential differences.