Insulators, typically composed of insulating materials (such as porcelain or glass) and metal accessories (like steel feet, iron caps, flanges, etc.), are either bonded with adhesive or mechanically secured. Insulators are widely used in electrical systems, generally serving as external insulation and operating under atmospheric conditions. They are necessary to support overhead transmission lines, busbars in power plants and transformer stations, as well as external conductors of various electrical equipment, ensuring insulation from the ground (or grounding materials) or other conductors with different potential differences.