Insulators, typically composed of insulating materials (such as porcelain or glass) and metallic accessories (like steel feet, iron caps, flanges, etc.), are either bonded with adhesive or mechanically clamped together. Insulators are widely used in power systems, generally serving as external insulation and operating under atmospheric conditions. They are necessary to support the external live conductors of overhead transmission lines, power plants, transformer stations, and various electrical equipment, ensuring they remain insulated from the ground (or grounding objects) or other conductors with differing potentials.