Insulators, typically composed of insulating components (such as porcelain or glass pieces) and metallic fittings (like steel legs, iron caps, flanges, etc.), are either bonded with adhesive or mechanically clamped together. Insulators are widely used in power systems, generally serving as external insulation and operating under atmospheric conditions. They are essential for supporting the live conductors on overhead transmission lines, generator and transformer station busbars, and external conductors of various electrical equipment, ensuring they remain insulated from the ground (or grounding materials) or other conductors with differing potential differences.