Insulators, typically composed of insulating materials (such as porcelain or glass) and metallic accessories (like steel feet, iron caps, flanges, etc.), are either bonded with adhesives or mechanically secured. Insulators are widely used in power systems, generally serving as external insulation and operating under atmospheric conditions. They are essential for supporting the live conductors externally on overhead transmission lines, generator and transformer stations' busbars, and various electrical equipment, ensuring insulation from the ground (or grounding materials) or other conductors with differing electrical potentials.