Insulators, typically composed of insulating materials (such as porcelain or glass) and metallic fittings (like steel legs, iron caps, flanges, etc.), are assembled using adhesive bonding or mechanical clamping. Insulators are widely used in power systems, generally serving as external insulation and operating under atmospheric conditions. They are necessary to support the external live conductors of overhead transmission lines, power plants, transformer stations, and various electrical equipment, ensuring they remain insulated from the ground (or grounding materials) or other conductors with differing potential differences.