Insulators, typically composed of insulating materials (such as porcelain or glass) and metallic accessories (like steel legs, iron caps, flanges, etc.), are either bonded with adhesive or mechanically secured. Insulators are widely used in power systems, generally serving as external insulation and operating under atmospheric conditions. They are essential for supporting overhead transmission lines, busbars in power plants and transformer stations, as well as the external live conductors of various electrical equipment, ensuring insulation from the ground (or grounding materials) or other conductors with different potential differences.