The primary function of insulators is to achieve electrical insulation and mechanical fixation, for which various electrical and mechanical performance requirements are specified. For instance, under the action of specified operating voltages, lightning overvoltages, and internal overvoltages, there should be no breakdown or surface flashover; under the specified long-term and short-term mechanical loads, no damage or destruction should occur; after long-term operation under specified mechanical, electrical loads, and various environmental conditions, there should be no significant deterioration; the hardware of the insulators should not produce significant corona discharge under the operating voltage to avoid interference with radio or television reception. Since insulators are widely used, the connecting hardware is also required to be interchangeable. Additionally, the technical standards for insulators stipulate various electrical, mechanical, physical, and environmental condition tests based on different models and usage conditions to verify their performance and quality.