The primary function of insulators is to achieve electrical insulation and mechanical fixation, for which various electrical and mechanical performance requirements are stipulated. This includes not experiencing breakdown or surface flashover under specified operating voltages, lightning overvoltages, and internal overvoltages; not causing damage or destruction under specified long-term and short-term mechanical loads; not showing significant deterioration after long-term operation under specified mechanical, electrical loads, and various environmental conditions; and not producing significant corona discharge under operating voltages in the insulator hardware to avoid interference with radio or television reception. Since insulators are widely used, the connecting hardware is also required to be interchangeable. Moreover, the technical standards for insulators dictate various electrical, mechanical, physical, and environmental condition tests based on different models and usage conditions to verify their performance and quality.