The primary function of insulators is to achieve electrical insulation and mechanical fixation, for which various electrical and mechanical performance requirements are specified. This includes not experiencing breakdown or surface flashover under specified operating voltages, lightning overvoltages, and internal overvoltages; not causing damage or destruction under specified long-term and short-term mechanical loads; and not showing significant degradation after long-term operation under specified mechanical, electrical loads, and various environmental conditions. The hardware of the insulators should not produce noticeable corona discharge under operating voltages to avoid interference with radio or television reception. As insulators are widely used, their connecting hardware is also required to be interchangeable. Additionally, the technical standards for insulators stipulate that various electrical, mechanical, physical, and environmental condition tests be conducted on insulators based on different models and usage conditions, to verify their performance and quality.