Wound resistors are a type of fixed resistor. Wound resistor elements are constructed by winding resistive wire around an insulating mandrel. The resistive wire is typically made of alloys like nichrome, manganin, etc., which have specific resistivity. The insulating mandrel is made into various shapes such as tubular, flat, etc., from materials like ceramics, plastics, and coated metals. The resistive wire can be wound on the mandrel in a single layer, multiple layers, or use techniques like lossless winding. Wound resistors are mainly used in AC and DC circuits of precision instruments, telecommunication equipment, electronic devices, etc., for voltage division, voltage reduction, current分流, and as load resistors.