I. Overview After the rock sample is saturated with a wetting fluid, the non-wetting fluid must overcome the capillary resistance of the rock to displace the wetting fluid. The smaller the capillary radius of the rock, the greater the measured resistance, and the higher the required breakthrough pressure. By gradually increasing the test pressure at the inlet under simulated formation conditions, when the pressure is sufficient to displace the saturated fluid in the rock sample, gas breakthrough can be observed at the outlet, and the breakthrough pressure of the rock sample can be measured. According to the Poiseuille (1949) formula, the time it takes for the gas to travel from the base to the top of the overlying layer is calculated as the breakthrough time. This device is suitable for measuring the breakthrough pressure of dense sandstone, mudstone, and carbonate rock samples. Other salt, gypsum, tuff, and similar samples can also be used as a reference. II. Main Technical Parameters - Working Pressure: 0-50MPa - Working Temperature: Room temperature - 150℃ - Core Specification: φ25×25-80mm - Power Supply: AC 220V - Power: 3KW III. Main Structural Components of the Instrument 1. Intermediate Container - Volume: 1000ml, Pressure: 50MPa, Model: ZR-2 2. Piston Container - Volume: 1000ml, Pressure: 50MPa, Model: ZR-3 3. Pressure Transmitter - Range: 60MPa, Accuracy: 0.25 grade 4. Humidifier - Volume: 1000ml, Pressure: 50MPa 5. Constant Speed and Pressure Pump - Working Pressure: 60MPa, Flow Rate: 0-20ml/min 6. Core Holder - Working Pressure: 50MPa, Temperature: Room temperature ~ 150℃, Core Specification: φ25×25-80mm 7. Annular Pressure Tracking Pump - Working Pressure: 60MPa, Automatic Tracking Injection Pressure 8. Constant Temperature Box - Working Temperature: Room temperature - 150℃, Temperature Control Accuracy: ±0.5℃ 9. Monitor - Bubble Detection 10. Data Acquisition and Monitoring System - Automatic monitoring of bubbles, collecting breakthrough pressure, and calculating breakthrough time.