Laboratory Construction, Laboratory Renovation, Laboratory Design and Planning, Laboratory Floor Plan Design - Gas Chromatography Analysis Room. Primarily for the analysis of liquid organic compounds that are easily converted to gas without decomposition, as well as gaseous samples. Equipment mainly includes a gas chromatograph, featuring a computer control system and data processing system, with a high degree of automation and efficient separation capabilities for organic compounds. Commonly used carrier gases include H2, N2, Ar, He, CO2, etc. However, it is ineffective in separating high-boiling point compounds, non-volatile and thermally unstable compounds, ionic compounds, and polymers. Requires local exhaust ventilation and protection from direct sunlight to prevent impact on the circuit system by electric and magnetic fields. General design includes: instrument table (should be away from the wall for equipment maintenance), adjustable exhaust hood, computer desk (usually placed next to the instrument table), side table, sink, reagent cabinet, etc.
HPLC Analysis Laboratory: Emphasizes high-efficiency separation for the purification of complex organic compounds, including laboratory construction, renovation, design, and layout. Quantitative and qualitative analysis is performed. Key equipment includes high-performance liquid chromatographs, suitable for high-boiling point, refractory to volatilization, thermally unstable, ionic, and high-molecular-weight compounds, complementing the limitations of gas chromatography. Environmental and laboratory infrastructure design requirements are similar to those of the gas chromatography laboratory.
Mass Spectrometry Laboratory primarily focuses on qualitative analysis of pure organic substances, enabling the determination of molecular weight, molecular formula, and molecular structure of organic compounds. Analytical samples can be gases, liquids, or solids, with key equipment including mass spectrometers and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) instruments. A mass spectrometer is an instrument that separates ions of a substance based on their mass-to-charge ratio (m/e) using electromagnetic principles for mass spectrometry analysis. Its drawback is the inability to effectively separate complex organic substances. Gas chromatography offers high separation efficiency and simple quantitative analysis, while the high sensitivity and strong qualitative analysis capability of a mass spectrometer complement it well. The combination of both instruments in a laboratory setting, known as GC-MS, can leverage their respective strengths to enhance the quality and efficiency of analysis. Mass spectrometers may release mercury vapor, necessitating consideration for local exhaust ventilation.
Spectroscopy Analysis Room: Primarily based on the physical characteristics of matter in absorbing, scattering light and emitting light, the laboratory is established in the field of analytical chemistry. Key instruments include atomic emission spectroscopes, atomic absorption spectroscopes, spectrophotometers, atomic fluorescence spectroscopes, fluorescence spectrophotometers, X-ray fluorescence analyzers, infrared spectrometers, inductively coupled plasma (ICP) spectroscopes, and Raman spectroscopes. The laboratory should be situated as far away as possible from chemical laboratories to prevent damage from acids, bases, corrosive gases, and radiation sources. Construction, renovation, design planning, and floor layout should incorporate dust, vibration, and moisture protection measures. There should be sufficient space between instrument tables and windows or walls for easy adjustment and maintenance. Local exhaust ventilation should be designed, with the use of atomic absorption hoods being preferable.
Laboratory Construction, Laboratory Renovation, Laboratory Design Planning, Laboratory Layout Design. These laboratories can be equipped with sample processing rooms according to actual needs. The standard equipment in laboratory construction, renovation, design planning, and layout design includes washing stations, experimental tables, fume hoods, etc., similar to chemical laboratories. Chemical processing and analysis of samples are conducted in the chemical analysis room. During laboratory construction, renovation, design planning, and layout design, small electrical equipment and various chemical reagents are commonly used, which can pose certain risks if not handled carefully. Considering these usage characteristics, the following requirements should be taken into account in the design of chemical analysis rooms:
(1) Building Requirements: The laboratory building should be fire-resistant or constructed with non-flammable materials. The construction, renovation, and design planning of the laboratory, including floor partitions and ceilings, should also consider fire-resistant properties. Marble flooring can be used, windows should be dust-proof, natural lighting should be adequate, and doors should open outward. Large laboratories should have two exits for easy evacuation in case of emergencies.
(2) Water Supply and Drainage: Ensure adequate water pressure, quality, and flow to meet the operational needs of instruments and equipment. The main valve should be located in a readily accessible and prominent position. For laboratory construction, renovation, design planning, and flat layout design, the drainage pipes should be made of materials resistant to acidic and alkaline corrosion, and the floor should have floor drains.
(3) Ventilation Facilities Due to the frequent generation of toxic or flammable gases during chemical analysis, a laboratory must have adequate ventilation. Ventilation facilities typically include three types:
① Whole-room Ventilation: Utilizes exhaust fans or ventilation shafts, with an air exchange rate of typically 5 times per hour.
② Laboratory Construction, Laboratory Renovation, Laboratory Design Planning, Laboratory Layout Design with Local Exhaust Hoods - Typically installed above the location of large equipment emitting harmful gases. In Laboratory Layout Design for teaching laboratories where harmful gases are produced, local exhaust hoods are installed to reduce indoor air pollution.
③ Fume Hood - This is a commonly used local exhaust ventilation equipment in laboratories. It is equipped with heating sources, water sources, lighting, and other devices. The fume hood can be made of fireproof and explosion-proof metal materials, internally coated with corrosion-resistant paint, and the ventilation管道 should be able to withstand corrosion from acidic and alkaline gases. The fan can be installed in the top machine room, and it should have devices to reduce vibration and noise. The exhaust pipe should be more than 2 meters above the roof. It is preferable to connect one fume hood to one exhaust fan; sharing one fan and ventilation管道 among different rooms is prone to cross-contamination. The correct placement of the fume hood indoors is in a location with less air flow, or using a better slitted ventilation hood. The worktop height of the fume hood is 800mm, width 750mm, internal clear height 1200-1500mm, operation opening height 800mm, and cabinet length 1200-1800mm. The air speed at the slits is 0.3-0.5m/s, with the window opening height being 300-500mm. The width of the air duct behind the baffle is more than twice the width of the slit.
(4) Gas and Electricity: Conditionally, laboratories can install piped natural gas. The electricity in the laboratory is divided into lighting and equipment power. Lighting is done with fluorescent lamps. For equipment power, appliances running 24/7, such as refrigerators, are supplied with separate power. The rest of the electrical equipment is controlled by a main switch. Electric heating equipment like ovens and high-temperature furnaces should have dedicated outlets, switches, and fuses. Emergency lights should be installed indoors and in corridors for use in case of sudden power outages at night.
(5) Lab Construction, Lab Renovation, Lab Design Planning, Lab Floor Plan, Lab Bench - The lab bench is mainly composed of the countertop, the base support, and the instrument cabinet. For convenience, a medicine shelf can be set on the top, and a sink can be installed at both ends of the bench.
The laboratory benchtops are typically 750mm wide, with lengths ranging from 1500 to 3000mm depending on the room size, and heights from 800 to 850mm. The benchtops are commonly made from materials like chemical-resistant board, solid-core chemical-resistant board, corrosion-resistant artificial stone, or precast terrazzo. An ideal benchtop should be flat, not prone to cracking, resistant to acids, alkalis, and solvent corrosion, heat-resistant, and not easily breakable when handling glassware.
