Metal powders used in 3D printing typically require high purity, good sphericity, narrow particle size distribution, and low oxygen content. Current metal powder materials for 3D printing include titanium alloys, cobalt-chromium alloys, stainless steel, and aluminum alloys, as well as precious metal powders like gold and silver for decorative purposes.
Metal 3D printing materials serve as a crucial material foundation for the development of metal 3D printing technology. To some extent, the advancement of materials determines the broader application of 3D printing. Currently, metal 3D printing materials encompass engineering plastics, photosensitive resins, rubber-like materials, metallic materials, and ceramic materials, among others. In addition, colored plaster materials, artificial bone powder, cellular biological raw materials, and sugar-based food materials are also being utilized in the field of metal 3D printing.
These raw materials for metal 3D printing are specifically developed for metal 3D printing equipment and processes, differing from common plastics, plaster, resins, etc. Their forms generally include powdered, filamentous, sheet-like, and liquid states. Typically, the particle size of powdered metal 3D printing materials used varies from 1 to 100 μm, depending on the type of printing equipment and operating conditions. To maintain good flowability of the powder, it is generally required to have high sphericity.
Features of Metal 3D Printing:
High precision.
Currently, the precision of metal 3D printing equipment can generally be controlled below 0.05mm.
2. Short lead time.
The 3D printing of metal without molds significantly reduces the production time for models, often taking just a few hours or even minutes to complete a print.
3. Customizable.
Metal 3D printing has no limit on the number of models printed, whether it's one or multiple, they can all be produced at the same cost.
4. Variety of materials.
A metal 3D printing system often allows for printing various materials, and this diversity in materials can cater to the needs of different fields.
5. Cost is relatively low.
Although metal 3D printing systems and 3D-printed metals are relatively expensive now, they can be cost-effective when used to produce customized products.
Basic Concepts of Metal 3D Printing:
The core concept of metal 3D printing technology originated in the late 19th century in the United States, but it wasn't until the mid-1980s that it began to take shape. In 1986, American Charles Hull invented the 3D printer. China started researching 3D printing technology in 1991, and around 2000, these processes began to evolve from laboratory research to engineering and product development. Back then, it was known as Rapid Prototyping (RP), the physical model created before the development of samples. Now it's also referred to as Rapid Manufacturing and Additive Manufacturing. However, for public understanding, this new technology is collectively termed 3D printing. 3D printing is a type of rapid prototyping technology, which is based on digital model design and uses powdered metal or resin, etc., as adhesive materials to construct three-dimensional objects through layer-by-layer additive printing. Metal 3D printing is hailed as "the thoughts and technology of last century, the market of this century."
Most people believe that CNC machining can basically produce all items. However, in reality, sometimes new equipment needs to be manufactured before creating a highly complex part. This is a major advantage of metal 3D printing—it can almost produce items with complex shapes without limits. The benefits of using metal 3D printing include:
3D printers can produce complex details faster than traditional manufacturing methods.
2. Lower cost compared to traditional manufacturing methods.
3. Depending on the selected technology, fine items with minute details can be produced.
4. Combine 3D printing details for time and cost savings.
5. More complex compositions allow for lighter parts without compromising strength, which is why there's such a high demand for 3D printed parts in the aerospace industry.
6. Metal 3D printing virtually wastes no material.
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