As the scale of animal husbandry in our country grows, a large amount of animal waste is not treated promptly and effectively, leading to increasing piles of waste that pose serious environmental hazards and facilitate the spread of diseases. Currently, the resource utilization of animal waste mainly includes fertilization and energy conversion. The composting method is commonly used in the fertilization process of solid animal waste. Composting is a microbiological process that, under controlled conditions, relies on widely distributed microorganisms in nature to promote the conversion of biodegradable organic matter into stable humus. Composting technology is divided into anaerobic and aerobic composting. Aerobic composting, compared to anaerobic composting, has advantages such as high biological activity, complete degradation of organic matter, and shorter processing time, and is currently widely used in the treatment of organic solid waste. During the aerobic composting process, microorganisms can rapidly degrade organic matter, reduce the volume of solid waste, and produce a high-temperature environment that kills pathogens, achieving sterilization. The products obtained from composting can be used as fertilizers or soil conditioners, realizing resource utilization.
Chemical fertilizers have greatly contributed to the development of modern agriculture, but their long-term and excessive use has also led to numerous issues like soil compaction and ecological damage. Particularly, the extensive use of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers has caused a steady increase in the amounts of these nutrients entering water bodies through surface runoff and soil leaching from farmlands, which has become a significant factor in the increasingly serious eutrophication of lakes, rivers, and reservoirs. Moreover, the nitrate concentration in river and lake waters has sharply risen, affecting drinking water quality. This issue has garnered attention both domestically and internationally. China has implemented policies to tax fertilizers, guiding changes in agricultural fertilizer use from a management perspective. With growing environmental awareness and the development of green foods and eco-agriculture, people are increasingly considering reducing fertilizer use and increasing the use of organic and biological fertilizers.

Poultry and livestock manure primarily refers to a type of organic solid waste produced in the animal husbandry industry. With the development of the industry, manure has been increasing accordingly. The manure generated by animal husbandry has become a significant issue in people's lives, with most farms facing the problem of ineffective manure disposal, leading to severe environmental pollution. Traditional manure composting uses natural airtight fermentation, and the conventional methods are time-consuming and do not fully ferment the manure. To improve the efficiency and effectiveness of manure treatment, the application of harmless treatment equipment for poultry and livestock manure has gradually expanded. However, existing harmless treatment equipment for poultry and livestock manure has certain drawbacks, often employing electric heating, which is energy-intensive.

The issue of handling animal and poultry waste, crop straw, and other materials has long been a concern for all levels of government and enterprises. There have been many practices using these raw materials to produce organic fertilizers, and the equipment for fermenting organic fertilizers is numerous. Traditional organic fertilizer fermentation equipment mainly includes compost turners, dryers, ventilation systems, etc., which operate in open environments, leading to problems like nitrogen fertilizer loss and environmental pollution. Moreover, these devices occupy a large area and require a significant investment. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a new type of organic fertilizer fermentation equipment that is sealed and can quickly achieve fermentation.

As modern agriculture continues to advance, organic foods have gained increasing attention. Along with this, there's a growing emphasis on eco-friendly agriculture, since only eco-friendly farming can produce truly organic products. In this regard, whether it's through government policy support or actual implementation, the country has invested heavily. The widespread use of organic fertilizers we know today is a testament to this. It can be said that organic fertilizers will gradually replace other types of fertilizers, becoming an essential nutrient for crop growth. Organic fertilizers contain organic matter and can provide crops with a variety of inorganic and organic nutrients, as well as improve soil fertility. Most of them are made locally by farmers, but traditionally homemade organic fertilizers have issues like uneven fermentation, the release of smelly waste gases during the fermentation process, and environmental pollution. Additionally, due to structural and design limitations, internal temperatures are often uneven.
In recent years, China's aquaculture industry has seen rapid development, moving towards large-scale and intensive production. Concurrently, the waste emitted by the industry has been increasing, with animal and poultry manure containing a substantial amount of organic pollutants, with the COD alone reaching 71.18 million tons, far exceeding the total COD of industrial and domestic wastewater pollutants. Currently, due to factors like funding and technology, the rate of treating manure in a non-hazardous, resourceful, and commercial manner is less than 5%. Large-scale animal and poultry breeding has become a major source of rural environmental pollution in China, exerting immense pressure on the ecological environment and also posing a significant obstacle to the sustainable development of the industry. Therefore, converting a vast amount of animal and poultry waste into commercial organic fertilizers through biological fermentation, turning waste into treasure, aligns with the principles of waste management that aim for reduction, resourcefulness, harmlessness, and ecological sustainability, and can generate substantial social, ecological, and economic benefits. Animal and poultry manure fermentation for fertilization is categorized into anaerobic fermentation and high-temperature aerobic fermentation. The former, due to significant climate impact, poor odor control, longer composting time, and incomplete killing of pathogens and eggs in the waste, affects the quality of organic fertilizers and is thus rarely used. High-temperature aerobic fermentation, conducted under aerobic conditions, uses natural or inoculated microorganisms to rapidly deodorize and decompose the material, characterized by fast fermentation, short cycles, and ease of mechanization. The fermentation process can reach temperatures of 60-70°C, killing pathogens and eggs in the waste, resulting in "sanitary fertilizers." Consequently, this method is widely adopted by most enterprises. Currently, the most recognized composting methods for high-temperature aerobic fermentation are static aeration, strip composting, and compost reactors.