With the development of agriculture and industry and the improvement of human living standards, organic waste such as animal and poultry feces, human excrement, organic-rich domestic waste, and crop straw is increasing. Composting has become one of the primary methods for processing organic waste. Composting is a biochemical process that utilizes widely existing microorganisms in nature, promoting the conversion of biodegradable organic matter into stable humus through artificial regulation and control. Depending on the environmental differences in composting microorganism growth, composting can be categorized into aerobic and anaerobic composting. Aerobic composting involves mixing organic materials to be composted with fillers in a certain proportion, composting under suitable conditions, allowing microorganisms to reproduce and decompose organic matter, leading to the stabilization of organic solid waste. Anaerobic composting is the process of decomposition and transformation of organic matter in waste under anaerobic conditions. Due to the slow decomposition rate of anaerobic microorganisms, low processing efficiency, and the production of unpleasant odors, as well as the difficulty in controlling the process conditions, anaerobic composting is used less frequently. In contrast, aerobic composting has higher compost temperatures, stronger microbial activity, faster decomposition of organic matter, and more thorough degradation. Moreover, during the composting process, the compost is subjected to high-temperature sterilization, which kills pathogens, worm eggs, and other contaminants in the organic waste, enhancing the performance of the compost.
Poultry and livestock manure primarily refers to a type of organic solid waste produced in the animal husbandry industry. With the development of the industry, the amount of manure has increased accordingly. The manure generated by animal husbandry has become a major issue in people's lives, with most farms facing the problem of ineffective manure disposal, leading to severe environmental pollution. Traditional manure fermentation uses natural airtight fermentation, and the traditional disposal methods are time-consuming and do not fully ferment the manure. To improve the efficiency and effectiveness of manure treatment, the equipment for harmless treatment of poultry and livestock manure has gradually gained widespread application. However, existing equipment for harmless treatment of poultry and livestock manure has certain drawbacks, often using electric heating, which is energy-intensive.

The high-temperature aerobic fermentation process involves the decomposition of organic materials by microorganisms, converting them into CO2 and small organic compounds (organic matter), achieving degradation of the organic materials, a process of reduction and stabilization. Simultaneously, the fermentation material generates a significant amount of heat, raising the temperature of the pile to over 55°C and maintaining it for a prolonged period, which has a killing effect on pathogens and weed seeds, thereby realizing the sterilization of organic materials, truly achieving the resource utilization of organic waste.

As the modernization of agriculture progresses, organic foods have gained increasing attention. Alongside this, there is a growing emphasis on ecological agriculture, as only ecological farming can produce ecological food. In this regard, whether it's through national policy support or actual actions, the country has invested heavily in this area. The widespread use of organic fertilizers that we are aware of now is a good illustration. It can be said that organic fertilizers will gradually replace other fertilizers and become an essential nutrient for crop growth. Organic fertilizers are those containing organic matter, which can provide crops with various inorganic and organic nutrients while also improving soil fertility. Most of them are made on-site using locally sourced materials. However, traditional homemade organic fertilizers have issues such as uneven fermentation, the production of smelly waste gases during fermentation, environmental pollution, and often uneven internal temperatures due to structural and design limitations.

Chemical fertilizers have greatly contributed to the development of modern agriculture, but their long-term and excessive use has led to numerous impacts, such as soil compaction and ecological damage. Particularly, the extensive use of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers has caused a steady increase in the amount of these nutrients migrating into water bodies through surface runoff and soil leakage from farmlands, thereby becoming a significant factor in the increasing eutrophication of lakes, rivers, and reservoirs. Moreover, the nitrate concentration in river and lake waters has sharply risen, affecting drinking water quality. This issue has garnered attention both domestically and internationally. China has implemented policies to tax fertilizers, guiding a shift in agricultural fertilizer usage from a management perspective. With the growing awareness of environmental protection and the development of green food and ecological agriculture, people are increasingly considering reducing fertilizer use and increasing the application of organic and biological fertilizers.
China is a major agricultural country, and the development of agriculture is inseparable from fertilizers. With the pursuit of high yields in planting, the demand for fertilizers in China is increasing day by day. It is widely known that the fertilizers currently used in China's agricultural production are mainly chemical fertilizers, which have advantages such as easy scalability, convenient transportation and application, and increased crop yields. However, the long-term improper use of chemical fertilizers has led to problems such as soil compaction, decreased land fertility, ecological damage, environmental pollution, and declining quality of agricultural and sideline products, which have received great attention from relevant national departments and the agricultural science and technology community. China is a populous country and is currently in a period of rapid urbanization. If the waste from urban populations is not utilized, it can become a significant source of pollution; however, if properly utilized, it can be a sustainable resource. Currently, people have used domestic waste to produce some organic fertilizers, and have achieved certain results. In China, the total annual output of straw is about 800-1,000 million tons, particularly abundant in corn and reed resources in the north, which are widely distributed and grow densely. The amount of straw produced increases year by year with the increase in grain yield per unit area and total output. However, the corresponding treatment technology lags behind, leading to a series of environmental and social issues, such as air pollution, fires, and eutrophication of water bodies.