Reclamation of mining land refers to the methods and processes of surveying, planning, leveling, restoration, and utilization of land abandoned due to mining activities. Mining operations cause land destruction and desertification, a severe issue prevalent in all countries. Statistics from the late 1980s show that the United States had mining land of 23,000 km², increasing at a rate of 600 km² annually, while China had 20,000 km² of mining land, expanding by 270 km² each year. Land is the place where humans live and reproduce, and for countries with a large population and limited arable land, its significance is particularly important. Whether it's mining sites, waste rock piles, tailings, or land subsidence areas, they all fall under destructive land occupation, severely disrupting ecological balance and natural landscapes, and expanding environmental pollution. The impact is profound, hence the necessity to correctly handle the contradiction between mining development and environmental protection, promptly reclaiming land damaged by mining operations for full utilization. Mining land reclamation is a comprehensive, multidisciplinary topic with a wide scope. From the perspective of mining environmental engineering, its basic content should include surveying and planning, land reclamation, development and utilization, and economic evaluation [1].
Landowners or investors, whether they self-reclaim or invest in reclamation, must organize and compile a land reclamation project design, and then submit it for review and approval by the relevant land and resources department responsible for implementing the reclamation project before proceeding with the implementation.
Investors in land reclamation should, in accordance with the provisions of bidding and tendering laws and regulations, determine the contractor for land reclamation projects through an open bidding process.
The land rights holder or the investor, whether individual or corporate, shall independently determine the contractor for the land reclamation project, either through self-reclamation or through social investment in reclamation.
The contractor for the land reclamation project shall reclaim the land in accordance with the project design specifications.
The competent department of land and resources responsible for implementing land reclamation projects should improve the project management system and strengthen management and supervision during project implementation.
Chapter 4 Land Reclamation Acceptance

Determine the amount of land reclamation fees by comprehensively considering factors such as the land type before damage, the actual damaged area, the extent of damage, reclamation standards, reclamation purpose, and the engineering volume required to complete the reclamation task. The specific collection and management methods for land reclamation fees shall be formulated by the finance and price authorities in consultation with relevant departments.
These five systems, as a whole, clarify the requirements for each stage of land reclamation in production and construction activities, forming a relatively binding measure chain. This will effectively promote the land reclamation obligors to voluntarily fulfill their land reclamation obligations.
4. Q: What provisions are made in the regulations to strengthen the reclamation of land damaged by historical events and natural disasters?
Answer: Reclamation of large areas of historically damaged land and land damaged by natural disasters is a challenge in land reclamation efforts. To expedite "settling old debts," the regulations stipulate the following:
Firstly, it is required to develop a special land reclamation plan. The regulations stipulate that the land and resources department at the county level and above shall conduct investigations and evaluations of historically damaged and disaster-damaged land, and based on this, compile a special land reclamation plan, determining the key areas, goals, tasks, and requirements for reclamation.
Secondly, clarify investment channels. The regulations stipulate that for land damaged historically or by natural disasters, funds should be allocated for reclamation, or attract social investment for reclamation based on the principle of "who invests, who benefits." For landowners who reclaim the land themselves, corresponding support and preferential measures shall be provided.

Persons obligated for land reclamation who use heavy metal pollutants or other toxic and harmful substances as backfill or filling materials will be ordered by the local environmental protection departments at or above county level to stop the illegal acts, take corrective measures within a specified time, eliminate pollution, and be fined between 100,000 and 500,000 yuan; if corrective measures are not taken within the deadline, the environmental protection departments may have a unit with treatment capabilities perform the treatment on behalf, with the costs borne by the violator.
The person responsible for land reclamation fails to report as required on the land damage, the use of land reclamation funds, or the progress of land reclamation projects. They will be ordered by the local land and resources department at or above the county level to make corrections within a specified time. If corrections are not made within the deadline, a fine of between 20,000 and 50,000 yuan will be imposed.
Secondly, in relation to the various illegal acts that may occur during the reclamation activities of land reclamation obligors, including failure to supplement and compile land reclamation plans as required, arrange for reclamation costs, conduct topsoil stripping, report relevant situations, pay land reclamation fees, using heavy metal pollutants or other toxic and harmful substances as backfill or filling materials, refusing or obstructing supervision and inspection, or engaging in fraudulent activities, etc., corresponding legal liabilities are stipulated, such as ordering correction within a specified period, ordering the cessation of illegal acts, ordering treatment within a specified period, imposing fines, and revoking mining licenses. [6]