An anaerobic reactor is a wastewater treatment equipment that primarily relies on the action of anaerobic bacteria to decompose organic matter in wastewater. Specifically, wastewater is introduced from the top of the anaerobic reactor and as it flows through the packed bed inside, the anaerobic bacteria begin to work, decomposing the organic matter. This process consumes oxygen in the wastewater, creating an anaerobic environment within the reactor, which promotes the growth and reproduction of the anaerobic bacteria, thereby effectively treating the wastewater. 12

During the anaerobic digestion process, organic matter is decomposed into low molecular weight organic components, while heavy metal ions in the wastewater are removed. The anaerobic tower typically contains active sludge, which mixes with the water flow and the generated bubbles to further promote the decomposition of organic matter.

The anaerobic tower is also equipped with a three-phase separator for separating treated water and sludge. The treated water is discharged through an overflow weir, while the sludge falls back to the bottom of the tower, forming a cycle. This design allows the anaerobic tower to efficiently remove organic matter from the wastewater while minimizing environmental impact.