The trolley is generally designed as a steel arch frame, using standard composite steel formwork, but can be dragged by external power instead of automatic walking. All template dismantling is done manually, with high labor intensity. This type of lining trolley is generally used for short tunnel construction, especially for tunnel concrete lining construction with complex planar and spatial geometric shapes, frequent process transitions, and strict process requirements. Its superiority is even more evident. The Xiaojinkou double arch tunnel on the Guanghui Expressway is 200 meters long and its plane is located on a circular curve with R=300m. At the same time, the tunnel is located on a vertical curve of R=3000m, giving the tunnel a "hyperbolic" shape, while the middle wall is designed as a straight wall, and the exit 15m gradually changes from R=5.5m to a trumpet shaped structure of R=7.5m. Most of the simple trolleys are manually poured with concrete, while the Xiaojinkou simple lining trolley is poured with a concrete pump truck, so the rigidity of the trolley needs to be particularly strengthened. Some simple lining trolleys also use integral steel formwork, but the dismantling of the formwork still uses screw jacks and does not have automatic walking. This type of trolley is usually poured using a concrete pump truck. Composite steel formwork is widely used in simple lining trolleys and is generally made of thin plates. During the design process, the stiffness of the steel formwork should be considered, so the spacing between steel arches should not be too large. If the length of the steel formwork is 1.5m, the average spacing between the steel arches should not exceed 0.75m, and longitudinal joints should be set between the steel formwork to facilitate the installation of formwork fasteners and formwork hooks. If pouring with a pump, the pouring speed should not be too fast, otherwise the composite steel formwork will deform, especially when the lining thickness is greater than 500mm, the pouring speed should be slowed down. When pouring the top, attention should be paid to the pouring of concrete at all times to prevent forced pouring of concrete after pouring, otherwise it may cause mold explosion or deformation and damage of the trolley.



























































































