"A 'cooling tower' is a device capable of cooling water. The water undergoes a heat and mass transfer with the passing air, resulting in a decrease in water temperature."

An open cooling tower is a device that dissipates waste heat generated in industrial processes or refrigeration air conditioning by utilizing the contact between water and air through evaporation. Its basic principle is: dry (low enthalpy) air, after being drawn by the fan, enters the cooling tower through the inlet grid; high-temperature water molecules with a large saturated vapor pressure flow towards the lower-pressure air. Wet (high enthalpy) water is sprinkled into the tower from the sprinkling system. When water droplets come into contact with the air, on one hand, heat is transferred directly from the air to the water, and on the other hand, due to the pressure difference between the water vapor surface and the air, evaporation occurs under the action of pressure. This involves transferring the sensible heat of the water through heat exchange with unsaturated dry air, and part of the water evaporates to carry away the latent heat in the water, thereby achieving the purpose of cooling the cooling water.

Closed-loop cooling towers use water and the coil to contact, transferring heat through the tube wall to remove heat from the cooling medium inside the coil, thereby achieving the cooling purpose. The circulating water in closed-loop cooling towers only circulates internally within the tower, exchanging heat with the air for cooling and then coming into contact with the coil to remove heat from the medium inside. The water supply pipe is used to replenish water as needed. Compared to open-loop cooling towers, the distinct feature of closed-loop cooling towers is the addition of coils. The liquid medium to be cooled flows through the steel coils without direct contact with water, transferring heat through the tube wall.