Magnesium is a commonly used sacrificial anode material in electrochemical cathodic protection engineering, with high chemical reactivity and a more negative electrode potential, leading to high driving voltage. Additionally, it is difficult to form an effective protective film on the surface of magnesium. Consequently, in aqueous mediums, the micro-corrosion battery driving force on the magnesium surface is significant, and the protective film is prone to dissolution, resulting in strong self-corrosion of magnesium. Hydrogen evolution reactions occur at the cathode: 2H+ + 2e- → H2.