Substation is an important facility in the power system, primarily responsible for stepping up the voltage of electrical energy generated by power plants and transmitting it to the power grid. Below is a detailed introduction to the substation structure: A substation typically consists of primary and secondary equipment. Primary equipment includes the main devices directly involved in the production, transformation, transmission, and distribution of electrical energy, such as transformers, circuit breakers, isolators, surge arresters, and current transformers. The transformer is the core equipment of the substation, which raises the lower voltage output by the generator to the high voltage required for transmission. Circuit breakers are used to connect and disconnect circuits, ensuring the safe operation of the power system. Isolators provide a clear disconnect point for maintenance. Surge arresters are used to protect electrical equipment from the damage caused by lightning overvoltage. Current transformers are used for measuring and transforming current, voltage, and other parameters.

Secondary equipment primarily includes relay protection devices, measurement and control devices, metering devices, and communication equipment. Relay protection devices monitor and protect primary equipment, ensuring that the power system can quickly and accurately disconnect faulty circuits during faults, preventing accidents from escalating. Measurement and control devices are used for the measurement and control of electrical quantities. Metering devices are for accurately measuring the transmission and usage of electrical energy. Communication equipment is responsible for information exchange between the substation and the outside world. The substation structure also includes various busbars, structures, and cable trenches. Busbars are used for collecting and distributing electrical energy, while structures provide support and fixation for equipment. Cable trenches are used to lay cables, ensuring an orderly and neat cable layout. Additionally, the substation must have a comprehensive lightning protection and grounding system to ensure the safety of equipment and personnel. At the same time, auxiliary facilities such as fire protection and surveillance should be set up according to actual needs. Overall, the substation's architectural design is reasonable, and the equipment configuration is complete, ensuring the stable and efficient operation of the power system, providing a reliable guarantee for the transmission and distribution of electricity.