Composite Flow Closed Circuit Cooling Tower

I. Overview

Closed-loop composite cooling towers, sometimes abbreviated as composite closed towers, are named due to the mixing of spray water and hot air. The spray water flows from top to bottom, with the wind divided into two paths: one part of the cool air flows from top to bottom, and the other enters horizontally from the side, exchanging heat with the descending spray water through the packing material, thereby reducing the temperature of the spray water.

Mainly composed of heat exchanger coils, spray water system, exhaust system, and framework shell.

Section II: Process of Operation

The spray pump draws water from the reservoir, pumps it to the upper part of the heat exchange coil, and sprays it uniformly over the outer surface of the pipe material in an umbrella-like pattern. This forms a thin water film, where part of the water absorbs the heat energy of the high-temperature refrigerant inside the pipe, converting it into latent heat of vaporization, which then evaporates into a gas state. The refrigerant inside the pipe is cooled and condensed into a liquid state, while the water that does not evaporate falls back into the spray water reservoir.

The exhaust system features an intake-style top fan, drawing air from inside the tower and expelling it outward. Cold, dry air outside the tower enters the tower through the heat exchanger coils and the inlet grille, flowing downward from the top of the coils to carry away the evaporated water vapor, thereby increasing the humidity and temperature of the air. Additionally, cold, dry air is also drawn in from the side of the tower, exchanging heat with the descending spray water through the packing, and the two parts of warm, moist air are then expelled outside the tower by the fan.

In the spray trough, a float valve is installed. When the water level is low, it automatically replenishes the supply to ensure a constant water level in the trough.

III. Working Principle

The working fluid (water, oil, or other liquids) flows through the coils, with the outer surface of the coils wrapped in spray water. Heat from the fluid is transferred through the walls to form saturated steam with water and air, which is then exhausted into the atmosphere by a fan. During the recirculation process, the spray water cools down through PVC heat sinks, forming cold water that flows in the same direction as the fresh air. The coils primarily rely on moist heat conduction. A significant feature of the compound closed-loop cooling tower is its ability to inhibit the formation of scale on the outer surface of the coils.

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