The Dangers of Static Electricity to Electronic Components and Protection Principles

Electrocomponents are subject to varying degrees of static damage based on their type; even a relatively low static voltage of 100V can cause damage. In recent years, as the development of electronic components trends towards integration, the corresponding static voltage requirements have been continuously decreasing.

The static voltage felt by humans is generally above 2-4KV, usually caused by slight body movements or friction with insulating materials. In other words, if the static potential we carry in daily life comes into contact with an IC, almost all ICs will be destroyed. This danger exists in any work environment that has not implemented static protection measures. The damage to ICs by static is not only evident during the manufacturing process of electronic components but also during the assembly and transportation of ICs.

To address these issues, various electrostatic protection measures can be implemented:

Static discharge protection at the operation site. Devices sensitive to static should be operated within an anti-static work area.

2. Static Electricity Protection for Personnel. Operators wear antistatic work clothes, gloves, work shoes, hats, and wrist straps.

3. Static Electricity Protection During Storage and Transportation. The storage and transportation of electrostatic-sensitive devices must not be conducted in a charged state.

To achieve these functions, the basic approach is to decrease the voltage of charged objects to a safe level within the design requirements. This requires that the charge (Q) and resistance (R) in the following formula be small, while the electrostatic capacitance (C) be large.

V=I.R

Q=C.V

V: Voltage, Q: Charge, I: Current, C: Capacitance, R: Resistance

Of course, the lower the resistance is not always better, especially when selecting materials for static-dissipative areas in large-scale venues, where safety measures such as leakage prevention must be considered first.

Electrostatic Protection Measures:

Inspect and install IC electrostatic protection workstations. The purpose of the anti-static measures in this process is to maintain the same potential for the work area, including human operators, through the following specific methods:

Connect a 1 Gigaohm resistor to ground and operate while wearing an anti-static wrist strap.

2. Ground the testers, tools, and irons.

3. The workbench is grounded after laying an anti-static mat.

Employees wear anti-static overalls and shoes.

5. Install static-dissipative flooring or conductive rubber mats on the ground.

6. Maintain the same potential during IC transportation and packaging.

Static Dissipation Performance Testing Cycle and Precautions

Anti-static rubber sheets (table mats, flooring), work shoes, work clothes, and周转 containers should be inspected at least once a month. Anti-static wrist straps, air guns, fans, instruments, and other equipment should be checked daily. When inspecting, factors such as the temperature and humidity of the inspected area should be considered.