Innovation refers to:

Improving or creating new things (including but not limited to various methods, elements, pathways, environments, etc.) within a specific environment, using existing knowledge and materials, and yielding certain beneficial effects.

Innovation in science and technology encompasses original scientific research and technological innovation, referring to the creation and application of new knowledge, technologies, and processes, the development of new products, enhancement of product quality, and provision of new services.

Innovation in technology refers to specific activities employed by industrial enterprises in technological innovation and development. This includes direct expenditures on research and development (R&D) projects, as well as all indirect expenditures related to R&D activities.

As science and technology pertain to human knowledge of and alteration of nature, technology also encompasses craftsmanship. The greater and more extensive the human involvement, the higher the content, density, and level of scientific and technological knowledge. These characteristics determine the humanistic and scientific value of science and technology, hence we assert that science, technology, and their innovations are also an important part of the innovation culture.