Square cast iron sluice gates are control devices used for closing and opening water discharge channels. An important part of hydraulic structures, they can be used to intercept water flow, control water levels, regulate flow rates, and discharge silt and floating matter. Sluice gates typically consist of three parts: the movable section (also known as the gate leaf), the embedded section, and the opening and closing mechanism. The gate leaf includes: load-bearing structure, walking support, arm, hinge, water stop device, lifting ears, etc. The embedded section includes: track, hinge seat, water stop seat, guard corners, etc. Common opening and closing mechanisms include: hoisting, hydraulic, screw, and mobile machinery. There are many ways to classify sluice gates, mainly: ① According to the working nature of the gate, they can be divided into working gates, maintenance gates, and accident gates. The working gate, also known as the main gate, can be opened and closed in flowing water. The maintenance gate is located in front of the working gate and is used for short-term water blocking during the maintenance of buildings or working gates, usually closed in still water. The accident gate is often installed in front of deep-hole working gates and can close in flowing water and open in still water when accidents occur in buildings or equipment; when used as a maintenance gate, it is also known as an accident maintenance gate; an accident gate that needs to be closed urgently within a specified time is called a rapid gate. ② According to the relative position of the top of the gate and the water surface when the gate is closed, they can be divided into exposed-surface gates and submerged-hole gates. ③ According to the appearance shape of the gate leaf, they can be divided into flat gates, arched gates, chevron gates, arch gates, spherical gates, and cylindrical gates, etc. ④ According to the material used to manufacture the gate leaf, they can be divided into steel gates, cast iron with copper inserts, wooden gates, reinforced concrete gates, and composite material gates. Additionally, some gates like flap gates can be automatically opened and closed by hydraulic force, known as hydraulic automatic gates. The selection of the gate type requires consideration of factors such as its position, dimensions, design head, operating conditions, manufacturing capabilities, and installation technical level, with the requirements of good water flow conditions during discharge, tight water stop, low opening and closing force, simple and flexible operation, and convenient maintenance.

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