Fiberglass is a high-performance inorganic non-metallic material with a wide variety of types. Its advantages include excellent insulation, strong heat resistance, good corrosion resistance, and high mechanical strength. However, it is brittle and has poor wear resistance. It is produced from six types of ores, including serpentine, quartz sand, limestone, dolomite, borax, and magnesite, through processes like high-temperature melting, drawing, spinning, and weaving. The diameter of its single fibers ranges from a few micrometers to twenty or more, equivalent to 1/20 to 1/5 of a human hair. Each bundle of fiber yarn is composed of hundreds, and even thousands, of these single fibers. Fiberglass is commonly used as reinforcing material in composite materials, electrical insulation, thermal insulation, and circuit boards, across various sectors of the national economy.

Glass fiber, as a reinforcing material for plastic composites, exhibits high tensile strength. The tensile strength is 6.3 to 6.9 g/d in standard conditions and 5.4 to 5.8 g/d when wet. It has excellent heat resistance with no impact on strength at temperatures up to 300°C. It boasts good electrical insulation properties, making it a high-grade electrical insulator. It is also used in thermal insulation and fire shielding materials. It is generally resistant to corrosion by concentrated alkalis, hydrofluoric acid, and concentrated phosphoric acid.