Fiberglass is a high-performance inorganic non-metallic material with a wide variety of types. Its advantages include excellent insulation, strong heat resistance, good corrosion resistance, and high mechanical strength. However, it is brittle and has poor wear resistance. It is produced from six types of ores, including serpentine, quartz sand, limestone, dolomite, borax, and magnesite, through processes like high-temperature melting, fiber drawing, roving, and weaving. The diameter of a single fiber ranges from a few micrometers to twenty or more, equivalent to 1/20 to 1/5 of a human hair. Each bundle of fiber yarn is composed of hundreds, even thousands, of individual fibers. Fiberglass is commonly used as reinforcing material in composite materials, electrical insulation, thermal insulation, circuit boards, and various other fields of the national economy.

Glass fiber, when used as a reinforcing material for plastics, boasts a high tensile strength. The tensile strength is 6.3 to 6.9 g/d in standard conditions and 5.4 to 5.8 g/d in wet conditions. It has excellent heat resistance with no impact on strength at temperatures up to 300°C. It possesses superior electrical insulation properties, making it a high-grade electrical insulation material and also used in thermal insulation and fire-screening materials. It is generally only attacked by concentrated alkalis, hydrofluoric acid, and concentrated phosphoric acid.