Vanadium is a metallic element with the symbol V, a silvery-gray metal, classified in the VB group of the periodic table. It has an atomic number of 23 and an atomic weight of 50.9414. It forms a body-centered cubic crystal structure and commonly exhibits oxidation states of +5, +4, +3, and +2. Vanadium has a high melting point, is difficult to melt, is malleable, and is hard. It is non-magnetic and has excellent resistance to salt and acid/ sulfuric acid corrosion, outperforming most stainless steels in terms of resistance to gas, salt, and water corrosion.