Shandong Zhongjie Special Equipment's main products include: fuel (gas) boilers, organic heat carrier boilers, biomass boilers, waste heat boilers, and other boiler products; vacuum insulation cryogenic pressure vessels such as LNG tanks, oxygen-nitrogen-argon tanks, and CO2 tanks; pressure vessel products such as denitrification engineering equipment, heat storage and energy storage equipment, and complete chemical equipment; central air conditioning and ventilation equipment such as ground (water) source heat pumps, air source units, water-cooled screw units, and air-cooled modular units. Planned products include large-scale energy centers, LNG transport vehicles, LNG tank containers, and other green energy equipment.
The emission characteristics of biomass fuel boiler flue gases mainly include the following aspects:
Particle Emissions: During the combustion process of biomass fuel boilers, particles are produced, including visible dust and fine particles. The amount of particle emissions is related to fuel characteristics, combustion temperature, and combustion equipment, among other factors. Generally, biomass fuel boilers emit fewer particles than coal boilers, but still require dust removal equipment for treatment.
(SO2) Emissions: The content of SO2 in biomass fuel is low, so the SO2 emissions from biomass fuel boilers are usually low. However, in some cases, such as using waste as fuel, the SO2 emissions may increase. Measures such as combustion control and desulfurization units can be adopted to control SO2 emissions.
NOx Emissions: The NOx emissions from biomass fuel boilers are related to factors such as fuel characteristics, combustion temperature, and combustion equipment. Biomass fuel contains a higher nitrogen content, which generates a certain amount of NOx during combustion. To control NOx emissions, measures such as low-NOx combustion technology, combustion control, and denitrification devices can be adopted.
(CO) Emissions: CO emissions from biomass fuel boilers are typically low due to the relatively complete combustion process of biomass fuel. However, in cases of incomplete combustion or unstable burning, CO emissions may increase. To control CO emissions, it is necessary to ensure a thorough and stable combustion process.
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Emissions: The amount of VOCs emitted by biomass fuel boilers is related to the fuel characteristics and combustion conditions. Some biomass fuels contain volatile organic compounds.
The biomass boiler body is typically composed of the following components, each serving a specific function:
Furnace Chamber: The furnace chamber is the area where biomass fuel is burned, serving as the space for combustion and heat exchange. The fuel inside the chamber releases thermal energy during the combustion process, while flue gases exchange heat with water through the furnace chamber.
Flue Duct: The flue duct is a passage for the flow of flue gas, guiding the smoke after combustion from the furnace to the chimney for exhaust. The flue gas within the duct exchanges heat with the boiler water, transferring heat from the gas to the water to improve thermal efficiency.
Boiler Drum: The boiler drum is the main part that holds water and steam, where water is heated to convert into steam. It is equipped with a water level control device inside, which is used to regulate the water level and ensure the safe operation of the boiler.
Grate: A grate is a device used to support and burn biomass fuel, which evenly distributes the fuel within the furnace chamber and provides air supply to promote the combustion process.
Superheater: A superheater is a device that heats the saturated steam in a boiler to increase its temperature and pressure. It transfers heat from the flue gas to the steam through heat exchange between the two.
Condenser: A condenser is a device used to condense steam into water, releasing the heat from the steam. By exchanging heat with a cooling medium (such as cold water), a condenser converts the heat from the steam into thermal energy, enhancing thermal efficiency.
Chimney: A chimney is a conduit that releases flue gases into the atmosphere, serving the purpose of exhaust.
Slagging in biomass boilers refers to the solid residue formed by ash and other impurities in the fuel during the combustion process at high temperatures. Slagging is a common issue in biomass boiler operation that may affect the boiler's heat transfer and combustion efficiency. Here is a brief discussion on biomass boiler slagging:
Coke formation reasons: The biomass fuel contains a high ash content, and the ash may include some sticky substances that melt easily at high temperatures, adhering to the heat exchange surface of the boiler and forming scale. Additionally, certain elements in the biomass fuel, such as calcium and others, can also promote the formation of scale.
Slagging Impact: Slagging obstructs heat transfer in boilers, reducing combustion efficiency and increasing energy consumption. It can also raise the temperature of the boiler, accelerate the corrosion of metal materials, and shorten the boiler's lifespan.
Preventive and remedial measures: To prevent and address the slagging issue in biomass boilers, the following measures can be taken:
Fuel Pretreatment: Pre-treat biomass fuel, such as drying, sieving, and decontamination, to reduce ash and salt content in the fuel, and minimize slagging risks.
Control combustion conditions: Reasonably control parameters such as the temperature, oxygen content, and combustion rate of biomass combustion to avoid excessive temperatures and oxygen levels, reducing slag formation.
Cleaning and Maintenance: Regularly clean the internal ash and dirt in the boiler to maintain its cleanliness. During the cleaning process, use appropriate cleaning agents and tools to remove internal dirt and prevent slag formation.
The feed system of biomass pellet fuel boilers typically includes the following components:
Feeding Conveyance System: Used for transporting biomass pellet fuel from storage areas or supply sources to the boiler fuel storage. The feeding conveyance system can utilize screw conveyors, chain conveyors, belt conveyors, etc., with the appropriate conveying method selected based on actual conditions.
Fuel storage: Used for storing biomass pellet fuel, typically located at the bottom of the boiler. The design of the fuel storage should consider the fuel capacity and stable supply to ensure continuous operation of the boiler.
Feeding Control System: Used to regulate the supply rate and quantity of fuel to meet the thermal load requirements of the boiler. The feeding control system typically includes controls for starting and stopping the feeding conveyor and adjusting the feeding quantity.
Fuel Crushing System (optional): For larger biomass pellet fuels, crushing may be required to better accommodate the boiler's combustion requirements. The fuel crushing system typically includes crushers, jaw crushers, and other equipment.
Fuel Pretreatment System (Optional): For biomass pellet fuels containing higher humidity or impurities, pretreatment such as drying, screening, and decontamination may be required to enhance combustion efficiency and stability.
When designing and selecting the feed system for biomass pellet fuel boilers, factors such as the fuel characteristics, supply volume, and combustion requirements must be considered. At the same time, ensure the stability, reliability, and safety of the feed system to guarantee the boiler's _
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